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  Possible modifiers of future livestock production and consumption trends (a) Competition for resources (i) Land On the suitable land of the humid–sub humid zones, some rise in production is likely to occur where this is possiblethrough the use of improved pastures and effective management. In the more arid and semiarid areas, livestock are a key mechanism for managing risk.However increases of population are fragmenting rangelands in many places and making difficult for pastoralists to gain access to the feed and water resources that they have traditionally been able to access.In the future, grazing systems will increasingly provide ecosystem goods and services that are traded.But it is not clear, how future livestock production from these systems may be affected.  The mixed crop–livestock systems will continue to be critical to future food securitybecause two-thirds of the global population live in these systems. (ii) Water Globally freshwater resources are relatively sc...

  PRIMARY ACTIVITIES INTRODUCTION Human economic activities are adversely affected by the physical and social environment. These economic activities are the basis of economic development of any country. Physical environment includes geographical location, drainage system, land, soil type, natural vegetation and mineral resources etc.  On the other hand social environment concern with the urbanization, industry, trade, population etc.It is well known that Physical and social condition are differ from place to place in the various parts of world. Sohuman economic activities are also differing from place to place.For example some areas are dominated by primary activities and others are dominated by secondary or tertiary activities etc.Human economic activities have been divided into five parts as give below: PRIMARY ACTIVITIES Primary activities are directly related with the obtaining product from nature. Activities such as hunting of animals, obtaining minerals from the earth ...

  DEFINITION OF ECONOMY GEOGRAPHY The definition of economic geography has been given by different scholars in different ways. Definitions of some leading scholars and thinkers are presented here: According to Bangston and Von Royen “Economic Geography investigates the diversity in basic resources of the different parts of the world. It tries to evaluate the effect that differences in physical environment have upon the utilization of these resources. It studies differences in economic development in different regions of countries of the world. It also studies transportation, trade - routes and trade resulting from the differential development and as affected by the physical environment”. According to G. Chisholm “It (Economic Geography) embraces all geographical conditions affecting the production, transport and exchange of commodities.  Its chief use is to enable us to form some reasonable estimate of the future course of commercial development so far as that is governed” Ac...

  SCOPE OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Economic geography was defined by the German scholar Gotz in 1882 as "a scientific analysis of the character of world territories in their direct influence on goods."Despite the fact that Gotz was the one who coined the term "economic geography," his influence was limited to Germany. Because the abstract principles of the time were not developed, they could not be connected to economic geography. Economic geography owes its development as an academic topic to the British public's interest in business. It's worth noting that George Chisholm, the pioneer of contemporary economic geography, intended to instill a sense of intellectual curiosity in the study of geographic facts. He believed that economic geography's fundamental purpose is to "create some plausible forecast of the future course of commercial development insofar as that is affected by geographical conditions."Chisholm, on the other hand, focused on comme...

  MEANING OF ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Human Geography has a subfield called Economic Geography. Economic geography is the study of how human economic activities – production, consumption, and exchange – vary across space, with a focus on resource endowments, international trade and commerce, population growth, settlements, development, interaction and interdependencies, and regional supply and demand. The study of man and his economic actions in a variety of conditions is known as economic geography. When it comes to the definition of geography, geographers have differing viewpoints. ●According to Hartshorn and Alexander: “Economic Geography is the study of the spatial variation on the earth’s surface of activities related to producing, exchanging and consuming goods and services. Whenever possible the goal is to develop generalizations and theories to account for these spatial variations.” ● According to J. MacFarlane describes Economic Geography as the study of “influence exerted on ...

  SPATIAL ACTIVITIES Spatial functional interaction is a mutually functional interaction between different economic regions of the world. This type of interconnection isnecessary for the development of economic regions.  In the era of modern specialization and production on a large scale, any economic work affects the whole world and is itself influenced by other economic-socio-political conditions of the world. Therefore, no economic region can remain separate from other states. In fact, incentives for a particular type of production in a particular state and means of producing it can be obtained not only from a remote region directly from the same state and the goods produced can be consumed in the same way.  This regional functional interaction is the basis of economic development. Territorial functional interaction is both transverse and perpendicular, that is, there is interaction between different economic regions of the same hierarchy level and there is a similar ...

SYSTEMATIC ACTIVITIES The analysis of the internal elements of the economic landscape requires the help of another basic concept. This concept is related to the status and placement of economic activity. The economic landscape is a set of several economic activities. That is why the concept of position and placement has the most importance in economic geography. The use of maps is essential for studying the status of various economic functions.  Economic Work - Specific condition and placement conditions And the study of the elements attracts the most attention of economic geographers and they are trying to explain the status of the economic works, the placement and distribution model, and the rendering of general principles. For this, both regional and systematic approaches are used.  This new element or method becomes chronologically most influential in its expansion area and the old elements and methods start disappearing, however remains of ancient elements and methods wh...

ভারতবর্ষ  সম্পর্ক  পরুন  Introduction Our motherland India is a great country geographically and historically. Its size is so vast that it is sometimes called a 'subcontinent'. It is part of the Asian continent. But sometimes India itself seems like a continent. It extends from the ice-capped Himalayas to the coast of the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean stretches for thousands of kilometers from the Ganga delta to the Kutch and Indus valleys in Gujarat. It consists of the Great Plains in the north, the Khu Desert in the west, the Indo-Myanmar Highlands in the east, the Bandhu Plateau, the Ancient Highlands, the coconut-producing coastal plains in the south, and the high snow-capped mountains in the north. As it is located in the tropical region, the solar heat is high here. Monsoon rains increase the humidity of the region. Extreme heat and heavy monsoon rains continue to affect millions of Indians. This is our India, our destiny.  In the words of Kavi Guru - O Bhuvan...

G lobal air and ocean temperatures are rising. Oceans are acidifying and ice caps are melting. Natural disasters are occurring more frequently and their intensity is also increasing. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal. Growing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is leading to rise in heat. Earth's average temperature in the last century has increased by about 3-4°C. It is now well documented that such warming will bring huge damages to ecosystems, species, human infrastructures, societies and livelihoods. Climate change is no longer a distant threat to progress. Climate and more frequent natural disasters threaten to significantly increase hunger and malnutrition. More frequent and intense natural disasters; deteriorating environment and land productivity; and reduced access to food, water and sanitation are projected to increase the risk of hunger and malnutrition worldwide-most affecting countries where hunger, undernutrition and food ...