Origin and Definition of Cyclone

In 1848 Captain Henry Piddington first used the term cyclone. The word cyclone is derived from the Greek word 'kukloma', which in Bengali lexicon mik means 'coil of snake'.

According to AN Strahler, a low pressure center is called a vortex.

When a small area of land or water is suddenly heated, the air there becomes lighter and due to side pressure rises up and forms a strong low pressure cell or center at that place.

A steep atmospheric shield forms around the center in the lower atmosphere. Then the wind from all sides rushes towards the center in a coil shape with high speed and alternately rises and rises.

Concentric and upwardly moving high-speed rotating air around a strong low pressure cell is called a cyclone.

In the Northern Hemisphere, this type of wind flows in a clockwise direction, in the Southern Hemisphere, in a clockwise direction . Cyclones are observed in tropical and temperate regions. In some places it is very destructive.

Characteristics of Cyclone:

1. Deep depression in the center

The air pressure in the entire area of the rotor is very low. Especially the pressure is lowest in the center of the vortex. At the center of the cyclone this pressure is also 850-900 mbar.

2. Rotatory eye

In the middle of the cyclone there is a nearly spherical center, called the Eye of (cyclone). Calm prevails in this eye.

3. Pressure Difference:

As the temperature difference between the vortex and the center is strong, so is the pressure difference.

4. Direction of airflow:

Air circulates around the low pressure chamber. It flows clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere.

5. Wind speed:

Wind speed does not exceed 20 km/h and can reach 400 km/h in some cases.

6. Appearance of top

Each vortex has an apex (Vor tex). When this peak joins the jet stream at upper levels, the vortices follow the path of the wind. Also, the direction of the air pressure ring changes as it moves.

7. Stability rotation

is transitory or short-lived and may be stationary or mobile.

8. Centripetal airflow

In a vortex, air flows towards the center from all directions. That is, centripetal.

9. Source of Power:

Vortices derive their energy from moisture and water vapor. This energy is converted into kinetic energy and keeps the rotor active. That is why the tropical cyclone is generated over the sea and starts moving towards the land.

10. Inclement weather:

As long as the cyclone persists, the weather remains severe. As the cyclone moves away or weakens, the sky clears and the weather returns to normal.

Types of Cyclone:

On the basis of origin, location and characteristics, cyclones can be divided into two main categories, namely—

(A) Tropical or atmospheric cyclone (Tropical Cyclone) and

(b) Temperate Cyclone or Extra tropical Cyclone or Mid latitude cyclone

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