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What are the factors that influence weather

 


 1. Composition and Structure of Rocks

 As weathering causes the breakdown or alteration of different rocks, the association of different minerals in the rock, the pattern of fractures, the formation of sediments, the condition of fractures or faults etc. affect the weathering.

In terms of mineral association, scientist Bowen's statement is that darker colored minerals are more prone to weathering. Because such minerals are generally of alkaline type and alkaline igneous rocks are more chemically weathered. Again in the case of rock formation, it can be seen that its fine-grained rocks are crushed relatively quickly. Because of this, different grains of rock respond differently to the weathering process, causing cracks to form within the rock. 

And all the rocks that contain carbonates (carbonate, magnesium carbonate, etc.) are chemically altered. On the other hand, heat differentials in vertical cracks or jagged rocks or snow processes are more effective. On the other hand, in rocks where the cracks or grains are parallel, the fracture process takes place late because they are more concentrated.


2. Nature of Ground Slope:

 The slope of the terrain has a special influence on weathering like accumulated erosion. Mechanical weathering is more effective on higher mountain slopes. Because the debris is carried down the mountain slope by rapid rock fall, soil erosion, etc., and spontaneously exposes the mountain slope structure to weathering, the weathering capacity is much higher and causes erosion in the open part of the mountain. On the other hand, mechanical weathering is less effective in areas with moderate or low slopes.


3. Climatic Variations

 Climate change plays a special role in any climate change. According to geologists, different climates help to produce different types of weather. For example, chemical weathering is more effective in the humid tropics, because these regions have more precipitation as well as more heat. 


In the landforms of such regions, the rocks are more calcareous, ie the rock minerals are more silicate. The resulting chemical reaction on the silicate occurs through wet analysis. Mechanical weathering is less effective in these regions. On the other hand, mechanical weathering is more effective than chemical weathering in tropical or temperate regions. 


Because in these regions, as there is an excess of heat during the day, the amount of heat decreases at night. As this difference in heat causes the rock to expand during the day, the cooling of the night causes the rock to contract. This constant compression and expansion helps in rock fracture or rock fracture. Again it can be seen that mechanical rather than chemical weathering is more effective in colder regions. Because scientists believe that lower temperatures increase the solubility of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).


 For example, twice the amount of CO dissolved in water at 20°C is dissolved in water at 0°C. At the same time, it is important to remember that freezing temperature doubles the chemical reaction in weathering.


In fact, experiments have shown that reversible action in such an environment greatly reduces the rate of chemical reactions. Also, since the melting of ice in colder regions takes place for a very short period of time, the amount of time for solar weathering is also greatly reduced.


 Some mechanical weathering occurs as a result of snow action in these regions. It is evidenced by the formation of angular rocks in all these regions and the presence of salt in the cracks or pores of the rock in all these regions, so weathering is also observed here.


4. Bio-Chemical Action: 

The process of weathering depends largely on the plant cover of the soil. Because if the land is covered with plants, time is needed for mechanical or chemical weathering to occur in those areas, on the other hand, if the land is open without vegetation, the process of weathering is effective. In these cases, organic acid phone causes chemical weathering and also helps to cause mechanical weathering by cracking the soil or rocks of tree roots, roots etc.


5. Frost Action: 

When snow freezes in rock cracks, fissures, or crevices, ice crystals form that aid in mechanical weathering. Because, when the liquid freezes and turns into ice, it increases in volume. This increase is one-tenth more than that of water. As a result, stress builds up in the rock, which aids in mechanical weathering.


6. Duration of time (Time Scale) : 

Time is a unique metric for the effective creation of climate change in nature. It is true that the longer the climate changes in an area, the more noticeable its changes will be. This time span is more noticeable in case of mechanical weathering. However, in the case of chemical weathering, this time frame is not fully valid, but it is partially true. Because it has been observed that water slowly erodes through the pores of rocks or soil for long distances, and this chemical weathering occurs deep inside the earth's surface.


From the above discussion it is clear that climate regulators act on topography in many ways. Therefore, depending on its function in weathering, weathering is divided into various categories.

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